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: uses genetic variation as a natural experiment to investigate the causal relations between potentially modifiable risk factors & health outcomes in observational data. -> (biomarker가 질병에 causal 하다면) biomarker에 영향을 주는 genetic variants는 질병 위험을 높일 수 있다. 장점: reverse causation의 가능성*을 제외시킬 수 있다. 단점: 1,2,3에 대한 가설을 충족해야 한다. * reverse causation의 가능성 : 즉, '낮은 콜레스테롤 수치가 암 위험을 증가시칸다?'를 연구할 때, '암이 콜레스테롤을 낮..

벌써 연구실습 3주차이지만,,,논문을 읽기 위한 실험 모델들에 대한 지식이 부족해 공부해보았다. 1. Cross-sectional study - 관찰연구의 일종(환경 조성 없음) - 예) daily walker와 non-daily walker의 혈중 콜레스테롤 조사 - 장점: 서로 다른 집단(연령, 성별 등으로 구분된)을 비교할 수 있으며, 한번에 다양한 요소를 비교할 수 있다. - 단점: '현재 시점'에 집중하기 때문에 원인-결과 관계를 규명하지는 못한다. 2. Longitudinal Study - 또한 관찰연구의 일종. 단 한 주제와 집단에 대하여 여러번의 관찰을! -예) 40세 이상의, 매일 일정 시간을 걷는 여성의 20년간 혈중 콜레스테롤 수치 변화 측정 - 장점: cause-effect관계 셜명..

1. The lessons skim over such topics as the need to vaccinate children against diseases or to teach them not to be untidy. 2. The class often express temperate and mature views. 3. One girl said she would not approve of having a nurse bring up her child. 4. Detective Wayne threatened to take radical action if the outlaws did not surrender. 5. You can scarcely call Jay's hour-long acceptance spee..

Grateful eye surgeons report that they have used laser beams to repair the retinas in some fortunate patients. Pioneering medical men are making cautious exploration into cancer cures with the laser. The jar was filled to capacity. Modern highways far surpass the old dirt roads of yesterday. We were all confident that Duane would pass his exam. Few if any of our duties surpass our obligation to ..

1. pledge 서약하다. -> In honor study halls, students pledge themselves to quiet study. -> When his mother died of cancer, the young doctor decided to pledge his life to finding a cure for it. 2. unanimous 만장일치의 -> The National Academy of Science is unable to give a unanimous decision if asked whether the sun would rise tomorrow. 1. David wanted to pursue medicine as a career. 2. The Japanese brewer..

1. unruly 제멋대로 행동하는 -> Rory was thrown out of school because of his unruly behavior. -> Jo Frost, star of Supernanny, tames unruly kids and administers discipline advice to parents. 2. brutal 잔인한 -> With the brutal murder of Simon, the last vestige of civilized order on the island is stripped away. 3. brawl 싸움 -> They had a brawl over who was a better swimmer. 4. vicious 사악한 -> When I get really..

1. revive 되살리다. -> They were trying to revive interest in old movies. 2. commence 시작하다 (cf. commencement expercises: 졸업식) -> The story usually commences with a description of the object. 3. observant 관찰력 있는 -> He was observant of all the rules of his religion. 4. gleam 어슴푸레한 빛 -> We could tell Ira was happy by the bright gleam in his eyes. 1. The travelers were stupid to persist in eating the fo..

igniteput out(내쫒다, 손을 내밀다. 힘을 발휘하다. 불을 끄다.) moutget off Flu Germs menace Elderly Citizens Stolen jewels Are Objects of massive Search. There is a class trip if I can get my mom to consent. When her job in the city was abolished, Daisy went home to the farm. dread: 두려워하다/ 두려움 absurd: 우스꽝스러운(ridiculous)/ 부조리 출처: 504WORDS

1. Abolish 폐지하다 Some citizens believe that we will never be able to abolish war. 1. So far, lack of knowledge of storing electricity in the car prohibit(forbid)s wide production of electric autos. 2. The doctor was completely frank with the dying man. 3. In an audible whisper, Maria called for my attention. 4. In the comics, Superman never reveal his true identity. 5. The speaker during the popu..

1. Glimpse 잠깐 봄(a short, quick view) ->No one has ever had even a glimpse of the future. 2. absurd 불합리한, 어리석은(plainly not true or sensible) ->His father thought that it would be absurd for him to marry a woman who he did not love. 1. Yet the conflict is far from over. 2. Those who believe the monster exists still in the minority. 3. He had the vision that some day there would be peace on earth. ..